Problem
function processUserData(userId, options = {}) {
  "use strict";
  let processedData = `User ID: ${userId}\n`;

  if (options.includeEmail) {
    processedData += "Email: user@example.com\n";
  }

  if (options.includeAge) {
    processedData += "Age: 25\n";
  }

  if (options.verbose) {
    processedData += "Processing mode: Verbose\n";
  }

  return processedData;
}

const userData = processUserData(12345, { includeEmail: true, verbose: true });
Solution
function processUserData(userId, options) {
  "use strict";
  if (typeof options !== "object" || options === null) {
    options = {};
  }
  let processedData = `User ID: ${userId}\n`;

  if (options.includeEmail) {
    processedData += "Email: user@example.com\n";
  }

  if (options.includeAge) {
    processedData += "Age: 25\n";
  }

  if (options.verbose) {
    processedData += "Processing mode: Verbose\n";
  }

  return processedData;
}

const userData = processUserData(12345, { includeEmail: true, verbose: true });